Billionaires Don’t Just Happen Overnight

Time, Talent, or Sheer Luck: 

Taylor Swift The Miss Americana star ranked No. 2,545 on Forbes’ World’s Billionaires List. 

There are approximately 2,800 billionaires in the worls, each with a net worth exceeding one billion USD.

The global billionaire list spans continents, with the United States topping the chart at 813,

followed by China (including Hong Kong) at 473,

and India with 200.

But grasping the sheer scale of their wealth isn’t easy. For many, the existence of billionaires feels absurd in a world rife with inequality. In fact, a startling statistic reveals that the wealth of the top 81 billionaires surpasses the combined wealth of the poorest 4 billion people on Earth.

The Wealth Divide: A Policy Failure or a Catalyst for Progress?

A 2023 Oxfam report labeled the growing wealth disparity as evidence of a flawed economic system, stating, “Every billionaire represents a policy failure. While billionaires rake in record profits, most people face austerity, rising poverty, and the cost-of-living crisis.”

This inequality has fueled calls for taxing wealth rather than income. U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren proposed a wealth tax: 2% on assets above $50 million and 3% on those exceeding $1 billion. However, critics argue that immense wealth often drives innovation and societal progress.

Economist Michael Strain emphasizes this point, citing Nobel laureate William Nordhaus’s findings that only 2% of the profits from technological innovation are retained by inventors, with the rest benefiting society. Strain argues that billionaires like Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos revolutionized industries, improving millions of lives. “They’re not policy failures,” Strain contends. “We should celebrate their achievements.”

The Stories Behind the Fortunes

Billionaires are rarely born with golden tickets. Their paths often tell stories of resilience, ingenuity, and determination.

Take Google’s co-founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. In its infancy, they tried selling Google’s search engine for $1 million—a bargain with no takers. Today, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, is worth $2.3 trillion, and Brin’s personal fortune equals Morocco’s GDP.

Or consider Miuccia Prada, who transitioned from mime school in 1960s Italy to leading one of the world’s most iconic fashion brands.

In India, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, the first self-made female billionaire, initially faced gender discrimination in brewing beer. Undeterred, she pivoted to biotechnology, founding Asia’s largest insulin manufacturer.

Even Jerry Seinfeld’s rise offers lessons: raised by orphaned parents, his comedic genius flourished under strict creative rules like “no hugging, no learning” on his hit show.

When Fortune Favors the Prepared

While hard work is essential, luck often plays a role. Bill Gates attended one of the few schools in the late 1960s with access to a computer. Rihanna’s big break came when a producer vacationing in Barbados heard her sing.

Sometimes, supportive families tip the scales. Taylor Swift’s family relocated to Nashville to foster her career. Michael Jordan’s mother pushed him to choose Nike over other endorsements, a move that transformed him into a global brand.

These moments of fortune, combined with unrelenting passion and perseverance, often define the billionaire journey.

Beyond Wealth: The Broader Impact

Critics of wealth concentration miss an important point: many billionaires reinvest in society. Philanthropic efforts like The Giving Pledge, founded by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, commit billionaires to donating over half their wealth. Jay-Z, defending his own success, famously said, “I can’t help the poor if I’m one of them.”

Billionaires also inspire industries. Ali Baba’s Jack Ma leveraged China’s economic boom to revolutionize e-commerce, while Chuck Feeney’s invention of duty-free shopping boosted global tourism.

What Billionaires Teach Us

At their core, billionaire stories are about solving problems, fulfilling desires, and transforming industries. They reflect a mix of talent, timing, and grit—traits we can all aspire to.

Whether it’s Prada’s chic designs, the escapism of Star Wars, or TikTok’s addictive content, billionaires show us how innovation can redefine lives. Their journeys reveal not just the wealth they amass but the impact they leave behind.

So, the next time you think of billionaires, don’t just see the numbers. Look deeper—into their creativity, risk-taking, and the broader ripple effects of their success.

Passion and Profession

Love Your Profession: A Key to Personal and Professional Success

"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life." – Confucius

Work is an integral part of human life. It sustains livelihoods, builds communities, and defines economies. Yet, the relationship between employers and employees often feels strained, leaving both parties dissatisfied. This pervasive challenge has roots in societal attitudes towards work, shaped by a lack of ethical understanding and a narrow focus on monetary gains. This blog explores how shifting our perspective and embracing our professions wholeheartedly can lead to personal contentment and professional excellence.

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The Employer-Employee Dilemma: A Universal Conflict

The relationship between employers and employees mirrors other complex social dynamics, such as that between landlords and tenants or in-laws in a family. Dissatisfaction, mistrust, and misunderstandings are common themes. Employees often feel undervalued, overworked, or under-compensated, while employers may harbour grievances about inefficiency, lack of dedication, or poor performance.

This discord is rooted in a shared disconnect from fundamental professional ethics. While we prioritise earning a livelihood, we fail to approach work with the integrity, commitment, and respect it deserves. This creates a cycle of dissatisfaction, impacting both the quality of work and interpersonal relationships.

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Dissatisfaction with Careers: A Common Complaint

Many individuals, regardless of their professional standing, express discontent with their careers. Even those in well-paying jobs or successful businesses often believe that other professions offer better opportunities or fewer challenges. This grass-is-greener mentality blinds us to the reality that every profession comes with its own set of challenges and rewards.

The problem deepens when this dissatisfaction spills over into personal lives, creating a sense of restlessness. Instead of appreciating the opportunities within their current roles, individuals fantasise about unattainable or unrealistic alternatives, undermining their potential for growth and fulfilment.

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The Power of Loving What You Do

Do what you love, and the money will follow.” - Oprah

The key to overcoming professional dissatisfaction lies in embracing your current role with enthusiasm and commitment. As the great poet Mirza Ghalib once admired, when passion becomes one’s profession, work transforms from a burden into a source of joy.

Why Love Your Profession?

Passion to Profession: Turning Dreams into Reality

One of the most fulfilling ways to achieve success and happiness is to turn your passion into your profession. This concept, admired by countless thinkers and artists, underscores the idea that aligning your work with your personal interests can lead to an extraordinary sense of purpose.

Why Align Passion with Profession?

1. Intrinsic Motivation: When you love what you do, motivation becomes intrinsic. You wake up excited to tackle challenges and innovate, making work feel less like an obligation and more like a calling.
2. Sustainable Growth: Passion sustains perseverance. While external rewards like money or recognition may fluctuate, passion keeps you invested and resilient.
3. Creativity and Innovation: People who love their work are naturally inclined to think creatively and push boundaries, often leading to groundbreaking ideas or solutions.

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Steps to Transform Passion into Profession

1. Identify Your Passion: Reflect on activities that excite and energise you. These can range from artistic pursuits to problem-solving or building relationships.
2. Acquire Skills and Knowledge: Passion alone isn’t enough. Invest in education, training, and experience to excel in your chosen field.
3. Explore Opportunities: Research ways to monetise your passion, whether through entrepreneurship, freelancing, or employment in aligned industries.
4. Stay Patient and Persistent: The journey to turning passion into a profession requires time and effort. Celebrate small milestones and learn from setbacks.

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Balancing Passion and Practicality

While following your passion is inspiring, it’s also essential to balance it with practicality. Ensure that your chosen path meets your financial needs and long-term goals. Sometimes, starting small or blending your passion with your current profession can be a practical way to transition.

Turning your passion into your profession not only enhances personal fulfilment but also elevates your contribution to society. People who work with passion often leave a lasting impact, whether as innovators, artists, or dedicated professionals.

By integrating your passion with your career, you unlock the potential for a deeply rewarding life, where success is measured not just in achievements but in the joy of the journey itself.

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Discover the Passion

Discovering your passion is a journey of self-reflection, exploration, and experimentation. While it might seem elusive at first, the process becomes clearer with the right approach. Here are some tips to help you uncover what truly drives and excites you:

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1. Reflect on Your Interests and Joys

• Ask Yourself: What activities do you naturally gravitate towards? Think about hobbies, projects, or tasks that energize and excite you.
• Recall Childhood Passions: Often, our childhood interests hold clues to what we genuinely love but might have overlooked as adults.

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2. Identify What Inspires You

• Pay Attention to Admiration: Whom do you admire, and why? Are you drawn to entrepreneurs, artists, educators, or adventurers? Their paths might reveal something about your aspirations.
• Explore Role Models: Learn from their journeys and see if their work resonates with you.

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3. Experiment and Try New Things

• Step Out of Your Comfort Zone: Join workshops, enroll in online courses, or volunteer for projects outside your usual scope.
• Test the Waters: Don’t hesitate to take up part-time roles or freelance projects in areas that pique your interest.

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4. Listen to Feedback

• Ask for Input: Friends, family, or mentors might notice talents or passions you haven't realized.
• Observe Patterns: Do people often compliment you on a specific skill or ability? This could point to your natural strengths.

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5. Identify Flow Moments

• What Absorbs You?: Reflect on activities where you lose track of time because you're so immersed. Psychologists call this "flow," and it's a strong indicator of passion.

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6. Consider Your Strengths and Skills

• Take Assessments: Tools like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), StrengthsFinder, or career aptitude tests can help uncover your strengths and align them with potential passions.
• Evaluate Transferable Skills: Think about skills you excel at and enjoy using, regardless of your current job or field.

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7. Reflect on Meaningful Experiences

• What Makes You Feel Fulfilled?: Recall moments when you felt proud or deeply satisfied. These experiences often align with your core values and passions.
• What Problems Do You Care About?: Passion often emerges from a desire to solve problems or make an impact in areas you care about deeply.

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8. Journal and Self-Questioning

• Keep a Journal: Write about your thoughts, goals, and what makes you happy. Patterns and themes may emerge over time.
• Ask Questions Like:
• If money weren’t a factor, what would I do every day?
• What topic could I talk about for hours?
• What activities leave me feeling fulfilled?

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9. Be Patient with the Process

• Passion discovery is not always immediate. It might take months or even years to uncover and refine what drives you.
• Stay curious and open-minded, and allow yourself to evolve as you gain more life experience.

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10. Seek Guidance

• Mentorship: Seek advice from people who have successfully aligned their careers with their passions.
• Professional Help: Career counselors or coaches can offer valuable insights tailored to your strengths and interests.

By following these steps, you can uncover a passion that not only excites you but also aligns with your values and strengths. Once discovered, the next challenge is to find ways to incorporate it into your professional life.

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Ethical Practices: The Bedrock of Professionalism

In many societies, professionalism is synonymous with integrity, accountability, and excellence. However, in some cultures, like ours, the focus often remains on maximising short-term gains. This approach not only damages reputations but also creates a cycle of mistrust among clients and colleagues.

The Western Model: A Lesson in Excellence

In Western cultures, ethical standards and customer satisfaction are given paramount importance. Businesses thrive on trust, transparency, and high-quality service, making these attributes central to their success.

The Way Forward: Key Principles

1. Honesty and Accountability: Deliver what you promise, and take responsibility for any shortcomings.
2. Customer-Centric Approach: Focus on long-term relationships by valuing client feedback and addressing grievances effectively.
3. Continuous Improvement: Strive for better quality and innovation in your work.

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Breaking the Cycle of Negativity

Negativity in the workplace not only affects performance but also tarnishes professional relationships. To break free from this cycle:

1. Focus on Positivity: Instead of lamenting problems, concentrate on solutions and opportunities.
2. Build Ethical Practices: Uphold moral values in dealings with clients, colleagues, and employers.
3. Foster Professional Pride: Take pride in your work, irrespective of its scale or industry.

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The Ripple Effect of Professional Ethics

Good professional conduct not only enhances individual success but also contributes to a healthier society. Ethical businesses attract loyal customers, ethical employees inspire trust, and together they create a culture of mutual respect and cooperation.

When honesty, integrity, and professionalism become the norm, the collective impact is profound. Businesses flourish, communities thrive, and individuals find deeper meaning in their work.

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A Call to Action

Work is more than a means to an end; it is an expression of our values and potential. By embracing our professions with love and integrity, we not only elevate our own lives but also contribute to a culture of excellence and positivist. Let’s strive to make our careers a source of joy and fulfilment, ensuring that our efforts leave a lasting legacy of success and satisfaction.

Donald Trump: The Iron Man or "The Paradox President"

Donald Trump: From the Colorful Billionaire to a Controversial Comeback

Donald Trump’s journey from a flamboyant New York businessman to a polarizing political figure is one of the most talked-about sagas in modern American history. Born into wealth as the fourth child of Fred Trump, a real estate magnate, Trump’s life has been marked by controversy, ambition, and reinvention.

Early Life and Education

Raised in Queens, New York, Donald Trump’s youth was far from conventional. Despite his family's affluence, his father emphasized discipline. At 13, after finding a knife in young Donald's possession, Fred Trump enrolled him in military school, seeking to instill structure and responsibility.

Trump excelled as a baseball captain and was recognized for his tidiness and orderliness. However, he struggled with forming close friendships—a foreshadowing, perhaps, of his solitary rise to power.

After graduating in 1964, Trump flirted with the idea of attending film school, influenced by Hollywood’s glamour. However, he pursued a more traditional path, enrolling at Fordham University before transferring to the prestigious Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.

From Real Estate Heir to Business Mogul

After graduating, Trump became his father’s favored child to take over the family business, edging out his elder brother, Fred Jr., who pursued a career as a pilot but tragically succumbed to alcoholism at 43. Fred Jr.’s death left a profound impact on Donald, who claims it motivated his lifelong avoidance of alcohol and smoking.

Trump began his business career with a $1 million loan from his father, a modest sum by family standards. Under his leadership, the Trump Organization expanded from constructing residential properties in Brooklyn and Queens to undertaking ambitious projects in Manhattan.

Notable achievements included transforming the crumbling Commodore Hotel into the Grand Hyatt and erecting Trump Tower, a 68-story architectural landmark on Fifth Avenue. Over time, the Trump name became synonymous with luxury, emblazoned on properties worldwide, including Mumbai, Istanbul, and Manila.

A Foray into Entertainment and Celebrity

Trump’s ambitions extended beyond real estate. From 1996 to 2015, he owned the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA pageants. He also became a pop culture figure, thanks to his role as the host of The Apprentice, a reality show that reinforced his public image as a decisive and successful leader.

His personal life, however, mirrored his larger-than-life persona. Married three times, his first wife, Ivana Trump, a Czech model, and athlete, gained the most public attention. The couple had three children: Donald Jr., Ivanka, and Eric. Their tumultuous divorce in 1990, fueled by allegations of Trump’s infidelity, dominated tabloids and tarnished his image temporarily.

Political Aspirations and the 2016 Presidential Campaign

While Trump publicly dismissed politics as a “dirty business” in a 1980 interview, he flirted with the idea of running for office as early as 1987. By 2015, his political ambitions crystalized when he announced his candidacy for the presidency, declaring, “The American dream is dead, but I will bring it back.”

Trump’s campaign combined populist rhetoric with controversial statements. He promised to “Make America Great Again” and criticized immigration policies, particularly targeting Mexico. Despite numerous scandals—including a leaked audio tape where he bragged about sexual misconduct—Trump defied pollsters and pundits by defeating seasoned politician Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election.

 

The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election: A Retrospective Analysis 

The 2020 U.S. Presidential election marked a significant moment in modern history. Former President Donald J. Trump garnered over 74 million votes, a record-breaking number for any sitting U.S. president. Yet, he was defeated by President Joe Biden, who surpassed him by over 7 million votes. Following the election, Trump launched a relentless campaign claiming widespread electoral fraud—a claim that failed in over 60 legal cases. 

The January 6 Capitol Hill riot seemed to seal Trump’s political fate, with many of his supporters and donors withdrawing their backing, leaving him politically isolated. However, in a dramatic turn of events, Trump announced his bid for re-election. Despite facing 91 legal cases, including four criminal charges, Trump’s political machinery gained momentum, overshadowing other contenders within the Republican Party. His legal strategy of delay proved successful in stalling significant repercussions. 

 

How Did Trump Return to the White House? 

In a political landscape defined by polarization, Vice President Kamala Harris’s campaign lacked a coherent, compelling policy narrative. Meanwhile, Trump pursued a straightforward yet robust agenda that resonated with a significant portion of the electorate. 

Love him or loathe him, Trump’s return to the presidency came unimpeded. Election analysts and critics found themselves grappling with an undeniable reality: Trump had secured another four years of leadership, reshaping America’s political trajectory. 

 

Economic Frustrations: The Deciding Factor 

One cannot overlook the economy's role in Trump’s victory. The famous political adage, “It’s the economy, stupid,” aptly explains the outcome. With inflation eroding purchasing power and fuel prices skyrocketing, voters were drawn to Trump’s promise of economic stability. While the Biden-Harris administration made strides in job creation and reducing inflation, rising living costs—especially housing—overshadowed these achievements. 

Trump skillfully exploited these economic grievances, presenting a protectionist vision to restore prosperity. His messaging, though rife with misinformation, struck a chord. Harris, on the other hand, struggled to counteract Trump’s narratives, leaving critical voter bases, such as Latino and Black men, vulnerable to Trump’s appeal. 

 

A Populist Narrative 

Trump’s campaign didn’t stop at economic issues; it delved into cultural anxieties, immigration fears, and identity politics. His rhetoric, though controversial, galvanized his base. Misinformation spread through platforms like X (formerly Twitter), exacerbating divisions. Tech magnates like Elon Musk played a questionable role in managing this digital chaos, allowing falsehoods to thrive unchecked. 

 

Domestic and Global Implications of Trump’s Presidency 

• Domestic Challenges 

Trump’s second term poses stark challenges for America’s democratic institutions. His policies threaten to erode civil liberties, voter rights, and judicial impartiality. The potential for authoritarian measures, such as restrictive immigration policies and censorship, looms large. 

Social issues, including women’s reproductive rights and LGBTQ+ protections, are also under threat. With the Supreme Court’s conservative tilt, these freedoms face rollback. Economically, Trump’s policies, characterized by tariffs and Federal Reserve interventions, may aggravate inflation and weaken the U.S. dollar. 

 

• Global Ramifications 

On the global stage, Trump’s protectionist stance could destabilize trade relationships, leading to economic downturns. His willingness to appease adversaries like Vladimir Putin while alienating NATO allies jeopardizes Western unity. The situation in Ukraine, for instance, could see a significant strategic shift, emboldening Russia’s expansionist ambitions. 

In the Middle East, Trump’s alignment with leaders like Benjamin Netanyahu could exacerbate regional tensions, potentially igniting proxy wars with Iran. Relations with China would likely deteriorate further, increasing risks of conflict in the Asia-Pacific. 

Climate change—a critical issue—remains largely ignored in Trump’s agenda. This neglect could reverse progress on global climate agreements, compounding environmental crises worldwide. 

 

The Broader Consequences 

Trump’s resurgence symbolizes the erosion of democratic norms and the rise of nationalism and populism. His policies may yield short-term gains but threaten long-term stability, both domestically and internationally. As America veers towards isolationism, its global influence diminishes, leaving a void that adversarial powers may exploit. 

For the world, Trump’s return signals turbulent times. With weakened alliances, trade wars, and increasing authoritarianism, the global order faces unprecedented challenges. For Americans, the choice they’ve made may lead to deeper political, economic, and social divides. 

The 2020 election was more than a contest of votes—it was a reflection of societal rifts, economic discontent, and the enduring allure of populist rhetoric. As Trump reclaims the White House, the implications of this decision will reverberate far beyond U.S. borders, shaping the future of democracy itself. 

Elara: Beyond the Horizon

In a world where the mountains touch the sky and the valleys cradle dreams, there lived a young girl named Elara. She was not just any girl; she was a dreamer, a thinker, and a visionary. Elara often found herself sitting on the hillside, gazing at the vast expanse of the world below, her mind filled with thoughts that soared beyond the horizon.

Elara dreamed of a world where she could lead, where her ideas could shape the future, and where her voice could be heard. But the world she lived in was not ready for a leader like her. The society around her was dominated by men who believed that leadership was not a place for women. They saw her dreams as mere fantasies, her ambitions as impossible.

Despite the obstacles, Elara's spirit remained unbroken. She knew that within her lay the power to do something extraordinary. She believed that one day, the world would see beyond her gender and recognize her for her abilities and vision. She imagined a future where women could stand as equals, where their dreams could flourish without restraint.

As she sat on the hillside, surrounded by the chalk figures she had drawn, Elara felt a sense of unity and hope. These figures represented the people who believed in her, who stood by her side, and who shared her dreams. They were a reminder that she was not alone in her journey.

Elara's story is one of resilience and hope. It is a story of a girl who dared to dream beyond the confines of her world, who faced the challenges head-on, and who believed in a future where women could lead and inspire. Her story is a beacon of hope for all those who dream of a world where everyone, regardless of gender, can achieve greatness.

Will the world one day accept women as leaders? Elara believed it would. And with each passing day, as more voices joined hers, the dream of equality grew stronger. The mountains and valleys that once seemed insurmountable now stood as silent witnesses to the dawn of a new era, an era where dreams knew no bounds and where leaders were defined by their vision, not their gender.

The Journey of African Americans: From Slavery to Empowerment

The Journey of African Slaves to Freedom in America

Even today, the African American community in the United States continues to face racial discrimination, but over the years, social and political movements have given them newfound confidence and a strong sense of identity.

When any group or minority lives under the oppressive rule of the state or majority, it is denied the opportunity for growth and is often condemned to a life of poverty. Historically, when racism, sectarianism, and caste-based hatred have isolated and segregated a group from society, all paths for their development have been blocked. This often forces the marginalized group into servitude, doing menial labor or carrying out degrading tasks for the dominant classes.

In the Indian subcontinent, this situation can be compared to that of the Dalits. In the United States, African slaves brought from Africa were treated as property upon their arrival, having no rights or identities of their own. Slave owners would even change their names, for names symbolized ownership. Their religion was also altered, and they were converted to Christianity, losing their original cultural and linguistic ties in the process.

In the Southern states of America, these slaves worked in vast plantations and mined for minerals. They had no family life—parents could be sold off to different owners, and children as young as eight or nine were forced to work. Their living conditions were deplorable, often housed in small, unsanitary quarters with very little food. Their lives were governed by fear of punishment and constant labor. It was also law that they could not receive an education, which kept them illiterate and under the complete control of their masters.

When oppression reached unbearable levels, slaves attempted to escape. Occasionally, groups would rebel, but these uprisings were harshly crushed. African slaves and Native Americans had a key difference—Native Americans had tribal identities, cultures, and histories that allowed them to resist in unique ways. To quash their resistance, the U.S. government confined Native Americans to reservations, essentially cutting them off from society. However, this policy was not applicable to African slaves because they had no land or tribal identity to fall back on. Their only unifying factor was their shared black skin, and their proximity to white people only heightened their awareness of the racism they faced.

After the American Civil War in 1863, which abolished slavery, African Americans faced a new set of challenges. How would they secure jobs? How could they break free from the chains of slavery? How could they find new avenues for progress?

It was during this period that a few prominent figures emerged to guide the African American community, one of whom was Booker T. Washington (1856-1915). Born during the era of slavery, Washington worked in a salt factory and a coal mine during his youth. However, his passion for education led him to study at night under the guidance of literate individuals. After emancipation, he traveled 500 miles to attend a school founded by white sympathizers of African Americans.

Once educated, Washington realized that the key to African American advancement lay in education. He went on to establish the Tuskegee Institute, relying on donations from the African American community, which were often modest. Along with his students, Washington helped construct the school buildings and even purchased land for farming. He taught his students not only academics but practical skills such as agriculture and other trades. He also emphasized the importance of maintaining proper etiquette, cleanliness, and discipline, ensuring that his students were not just educated but also well-rounded and respectful.

Washington's philosophy was grounded in the belief that African Americans should work alongside white people and find common ground through cooperation. He argued that African Americans had contributed to American progress through their hard work, whether as domestic servants or through their loyalty and endurance. He believed it was now the responsibility of white Americans to pay back the debt they owed to African Americans by granting them basic civil rights.

However, there were also movements for both integration and self-defense within the African American community. In the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement succeeded in dismantling the tradition of racial segregation in the Southern states, but underlying prejudices persisted among white Americans. This led to the emergence of groups like the Black Panthers, who engaged in violent confrontations with the police, though the movement was eventually suppressed.

On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr.’s movement, which advocated for nonviolence, also faced setbacks, especially after his assassination. The legacy of both violent and nonviolent resistance movements is that African Americans found unique ways to express their culture, notably through music and sports. The study of Black History was introduced in universities, and African American historians, such as W.E.B. Du Bois, sought to reconnect with their African roots, even planning works like the Encyclopedia of Africanism.

Though racial prejudice against African Americans remains a significant issue today, the ongoing social and political movements have empowered the community with renewed confidence and a strong sense of identity. Their struggle is far from over, but their journey toward equality and recognition continues relentlessly.

1. Faneuil Hall and Boston’s Wealth from Slavery

Boston's Faneuil Hall symbolizes both revolutionary ideals and the wealth derived from the Transatlantic Slave Trade, underscoring the city's involvement in selling enslaved Africans trafficked through the Middle Passage.

2. Scale and Routes of the Slave Trade

Between 1560 and 1850, 12 million Africans were forcibly transported via the Triangle Trade, with Brazil receiving 4.8 million, the Caribbean 4.7 million, and only 4%—or 388,000—arriving in North America.

3. Horrors of the Middle Passage

The 80-day Middle Passage subjected enslaved Africans to horrific conditions, leading to 15% mortality rates, as survivors like Ottobah Cugoano recounted its dehumanizing brutality.

4. Voices from the Middle Passage

Accounts from those who endured or participated in the Transatlantic Slave Trade provide harrowing personal insights into its human cost and systemic exploitation.

5. Boston’s Involvement in the Slave Trade

Boston’s first slave voyage in 1637, legal slavery in Massachusetts, and over 166 transatlantic voyages established the city as a significant player in the trade of enslaved Africans.

6. The Slave Economy and Boston

Boston supported slavery through exports like rum and sugar and held over 1,000 advertisements for enslaved individuals, exposing its complicity in the Triangle Trade.

7. Peter Faneuil’s Role

Prominent merchant Peter Faneuil profited from slavery-related goods and financed slaving voyages, making slavery central to his economic success despite not being a major trader.

8. Cultural Legacy of Enslaved Africans

Enslaved Africans blended their diverse cultural traditions into vibrant creolized societies, influencing food, music, and rituals in Boston and across the colonies.

9. Calls for Freedom During Revolution

Boston's enslaved people petitioned for freedom during the Revolution, exposing the contradiction of fighting for liberty while maintaining slavery, though change came slowly.

10. Abolition of the Slave Trade

Massachusetts declared slavery unconstitutional in 1783, and by 1808, the transatlantic slave trade was banned in both Britain and the United States.

 

Where Do Pakistan and Bangladesh Stand Today?

A Comparative Economic Analysis of Pakistan and Bangladesh 

Since gaining independence, Pakistan and Bangladesh have followed starkly different paths in their economic, social, and political evolution. Bangladesh, despite early struggles, has emerged as a rapidly developing economy, while Pakistan has grappled with stagnation and structural challenges. This blog delves into the factors that have shaped these trajectories, offering insights into lessons Pakistan might draw from its former eastern wing.

 

Bangladesh: Secular Foundations and Political Stability 

Following independence in 1971, Bangladesh confronted political instability and economic devastation. However, the nation made decisive steps to establish a secular constitution, aiming to separate religion from governance. Over the last 35 years, it has largely contained military interference in politics, allowing civilian leaders to focus on governance and economic development. In contrast, Pakistan's political landscape remains heavily influenced by both religious ideologues and military interventions, often skewing policy priorities away from economic growth.

 

Economic Growth Rates: A Tale of Diverging Trends 

Bangladesh's economic transformation is a story of resilience and sustained growth.

In 1972, its GDP growth rate was a dismal -13%,

but by 2024, it has risen to a robust 5.82%.

For over a decade, Bangladesh has consistently maintained growth rates exceeding 6%.

Pakistan, on the other hand, has struggled, with its GDP growth rate in the fiscal year ending 2023 languishing at 0.29%, reflecting deep economic distress.  While it bit gearing up now is around 2.4%

 

Per Capita Income: Closing and Surpassing the Gap 

In 1972, Pakistan's per capita income was $150

compared to Bangladesh's $90.

Now a days, Bangladesh's per capita income stands at $2,600, 

significantly outpacing Pakistan’s $1,500.

This shift underscores Bangladesh's focus on equitable economic policies and industrial growth, particularly in the export-driven sectors.

 

Export Performance: A Model of Success 

Bangladesh's export success, particularly in the garments sector, has been pivotal.

Bangladesh exports in 1972 were only $35 million,

it now boasts $64 billion,

its garments share alone with $42 billion.

Bangladesh is the world's second-largest garments exporter after China. 

Pakistan, despite its potential, trails in exports with $35 billion. 

 

Factors: such as Bangladesh's affordable labor, consistent energy supplies, and government support for export industries have driven this success. In contrast, Pakistan's export sectors suffer from energy shortages, limited policy focus, and underutilised female labor. 

 

Poverty Reduction and Social Progress 

In the 1970s, Bangladesh's population lived below the poverty line 70-80%.

Today, this figure has dropped to just 10.44%,

They targeted interventions in education, health, and economic inclusion. Over 8 million people have been lifted out of poverty in the past decade alone.

Pakistan, however, has seen poverty levels rise to 39.4%,

exacerbated by economic mismanagement and insufficient social safety nets.

 

Education and Workforce Development 

Bangladesh has made significant strides in education, having literacy rate 75%

compared to Pakistan's 60%.

Moreover, Bangladeshi children enroll in primary school 98%,

while Pakistan struggles with 72%.

Importantly, Bangladesh has effectively integrated women into its workforce, particularly in the garments sector, where they constitute 80% of the labor force. This empowerment has not only spurred economic growth but also contributed to lower population growth rates and improved social outcomes. 

 

Policy Priorities: Industrial Growth vs. Real Estate 

Bangladesh’s elite—from politicians to business leaders—have aligned their interests with industrial and export growth. The collective focus has driven investment in manufacturing and infrastructure. 

Conversely, Pakistan's elite have largely concentrated on real estate, siphoning resources away from productive industries. This misalignment has stifled Pakistan's growth potential over the past two decades. 

 

Energy and Ease of Doing Business 

Bangladesh has prioritized stable and affordable energy supplies, reducing barriers to business development. 

In contrast, Pakistan faces chronic energy shortages, bureaucratic red tape, and inefficiencies, hampering its industrial competitiveness. 

 

Demographics and Population Management 

Bangladesh has successfully managed its population growth, reducing the rate to 1% from 2.5% at independence.

Public awareness campaigns and women’s economic empowerment have played crucial roles.

Pakistan, however, has one of the world’s highest population growth rates at 2.55%, adding immense pressure on its limited resources. 

 

Defence Spending and Development Trade-offs 

Pakistan Defence budget is over $12 billion,

Bangladesh spends only $4.27 billion.

Bangladesh’s limited military expenditure has allowed it to channel resources into education, health, and infrastructure, yielding significant social and economic dividends. 

 

The Role of NGOs 

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been instrumental in Bangladesh's development, driving grassroots initiatives in health, education, and microfinance. 

In Pakistan, NGOs often face suspicion and resistance, limiting their potential impact. 

 

Lessons for Pakistan 

Bangladesh’s economic ascent is a testament to the power of focused policy, inclusive governance, and investment in human capital. It is not merely a story of Bangladesh's rise but also a reflection of Pakistan's missed opportunities. To emulate its neighbor’s success, Pakistan must prioritise industrial growth, reduce reliance on defense spending, empower women, and ensure political stability. Only then can Pakistan unlock its vast potential and reclaim its place among the region's thriving economies. 

Sources: Comparative analysis based on historical data, World Bank reports, and recent economic surveys.

Can Watching a Film Change Political Beliefs?

We forget what we read in books.

But!
We are often reminded of movies.
The screams are remembered,
Does the movie leave such a deep impression On the us?

Brief History of Film-making

Film making began in the late 19th century with inventors like Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers, who created early motion picture cameras and projectors. In 1895, the Lumières presented some of the first public screenings of short films in Paris, an event considered the birth of cinema. As technology evolved, so did film techniques, with the introduction of sound in the 1920s, color in the 1930s, and, much later, digital cinematography in the 21st century. Today, films range from blockbusters to indie productions, shaping culture and storytelling across the world.

A Brief on Film’s Story, Characters, and Emotions

A film's story generally follows a narrative arc, presenting conflicts and resolutions that reveal characters’ depth and growth. Characters are designed to engage audiences on an emotional level, often embodying relatable struggles, virtues, and flaws. Films typically evoke a range of emotions—joy, sorrow, fear, anticipation—that connect viewers to the story, helping them experience different lives, cultures, and perspectives. Emotional connections with characters often enhance the impact of the storyline, making viewers feel more engaged and invested.

Role of Emotions in Film

Emotions are a film’s primary tool for connecting with the audience. They help communicate themes, build tension, and deliver meaningful messages. For instance, a well-crafted drama may evoke empathy, while a thriller may stir suspense or fear. By carefully controlling the emotional flow through lighting, music, dialogue, and cinematography, filmmakers can guide viewers’ feelings and attitudes. This emotional journey is central to a film's impact, as it shapes how audiences interpret the story and respond to its message.

How Does a Film Affect a Person?

Films can impact people psychologically and emotionally, sometimes even altering their views and attitudes. Emotional experiences in film allow viewers to "live" the story, fostering empathy or challenging beliefs. This can lead to shifts in personal attitudes, especially regarding societal issues, justice, and interpersonal relationships. By immersing people in scenarios outside their own experiences, films can promote greater understanding, empathy, and sometimes even action.

 

Can Watching a Film Change Political Beliefs?

A recent scientific study suggests that viewing a documentary about a wrongfully convicted individual can foster empathy toward prisoners and increase support for reforms in the U.S. criminal justice system.

The documentary, Just Mercy, recounts the story of Walter McMillian, a 45-year-old African American man from Alabama who was arrested in 1986 for a murder he did not commit. Although McMillian was innocent—he was at a family gathering during the crime—he was sentenced based on false testimony from an eyewitness. Before his conviction was overturned, McMillian spent six years on death row. This true story was adapted into a documentary in 2019 under the title Just Mercy, with Academy Award-winning actor Jamie Foxx portraying McMillian.

Since the 1890s, when the first moving images were introduced, filmmakers have sought to shift public perceptions and moral values through cinema. Now, American scientists have studied the effects of film on empathy and attitudes toward the justice system, exploring how watching a movie can alter an individual's emotional intelligence and ethical stance on criminal justice.

This study, published in the journal PNAS on October 21, revealed that viewing a documentary about the wrongful sentencing and eventual release of an inmate heightened viewers' empathy toward prisoners and increased support for justice system reforms.

Marianne Reddan, a professor at Stanford University and co-author of the study, noted, "[Our study] shows that the film allowed participants to see the world from another’s perspective, even when that individual faced societal stigma. This shift in perspective wasn’t just a fleeting reaction."

Reddan further explained, "This research highlights the importance of exposing people to experiences vastly different from their own, as it contributes to building healthier communities and fostering a robust political framework."

The study recorded an increase in empathy for incarcerated men among viewers of the film, an effect observed across participants with varying political affiliations, whether leaning left or right.

Film, Emotions, and Societal Polarization

Jussi Knaus-Bajow, a film studies researcher at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland, remarked, "The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of how films can alter viewers' perceptions and behaviors—especially how a film like Just Mercy can act as a ‘call to action.’"

The idea that a film can change minds isn’t new. According to Knaus-Bajow, "Filmmakers are like wizards; they have been experimenting with the impact of editing and cinematic techniques on viewers’ perceptions and emotions since the early days of cinema."

British filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock conducted a famous experiment that illustrates this effect: in one scene, a woman with a child is shown, followed by a man smiling, conveying a sense of kindness. In another scene, the same man is shown smiling after a shot of a woman in a bikini, which instead suggests lust.

Knaus-Bajow explains that filmmakers frequently play with this knowledge because films offer a unique, safe environment where viewers can experience unfamiliar emotions. However, this power also places a responsibility on filmmakers regarding their influence over audiences.

Using Just Mercy as an example, Knaus-Bajow describes how it was deployed as a tool to inspire progressive change in the justice system.

On the other hand, he warns, filmmakers can also incite antagonism or hatred, as propaganda films have long been used to dehumanize groups, justify violence or war, and promote false narratives or pseudoscience.

 

Has Film Been Used for Ideological or Political Propaganda?

Yes, film has frequently been used as a medium for ideological and political propaganda. Governments, organizations, and filmmakers have often used film to influence public opinion, from the early days of cinema up to the present. For example, during World War II, both Allied and Axis powers created propaganda films to bolster patriotism and demonize enemies. In more modern times, films still reflect and sometimes promote political agendas or ideologies, shaping how audiences view various social and political issues.

 

Nawazuddin Siddiqui Success Story

How Success is Achieved

Success doesn’t come served on a silver platter. It requires dedication and relentless effort. When you’re on the verge of defeat, that’s when you have to rise and fight again.

Nawazuddin Siddiqui’s Journey to Stardom:

Nawazuddin Siddiqui was born on May 19, 1974, in Budhana, a small town in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India, into a Muslim farming family of landowners. The eldest among eight siblings, Nawazuddin completed his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Haridwar’s Vishwavidyalaya. He worked as a chemist for a year before moving to Delhi in search of better opportunities.

His interest in acting sparked after watching a play, leading him to join the National School of Drama. After completing his acting course, he moved to Mumbai in 1999, embarking on a long journey of struggle.

Today, Nawazuddin Siddiqui is celebrated as an acclaimed actor and a superstar, but behind this fame lies a truly inspiring journey of resilience and grit.

Upon arriving in Mumbai, Nawazuddin landed minor roles, appearing as a background character in films like Sarfarosh and Munnabhai MBBS. Despite his efforts, substantial roles eluded him. In 2003, he featured in a short film, Bypass, alongside Irrfan Khan. He attempted to make his mark in theater, but this endeavor too met with little success.

During these initial years, he lived with four others in a shared room and survived by performing small plays. By 2004, he found himself in dire financial straits, unable to afford his rent. He sought shelter with a senior, who agreed to host him on the condition that Nawazuddin would cook for him — a role more akin to a cook than a roommate.

Nawazuddin’s resolve was unshaken. A graduate in science and a trained chemist, he could have easily returned to his previous career. Yet, he chose to endure, setting aside pride and personal dignity to pursue his dream.

From 2004 to 2007, he continued receiving minor roles, such as his appearance in Black Friday. His brief role in a song in 2009 marked another small step forward. In 2010, he finally garnered recognition with a journalist role in Peepli Live, which began to establish him as an actor. In 2012, he starred in Patang, a performance that earned him the prestigious Thumbs Up Trophy. The film was a massive success in the United States and Canada.

Nawazuddin’s breakthrough came in 2013 when he played a leading role in the second part of Gangs of Wasseypur. That same year, his film The Lunchbox premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, where he won multiple awards. He also won the Best Supporting Actor Award in 2013, and his work in Raman Raghav 2.0 (2016) earned him accolades, including the Fancine Malaga Award and the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. In 2018, his portrayal in Manto earned him the Best Actor Award at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. His Netflix series, Sacred Games, received global acclaim, with renowned author Paulo Coelho commending his performance.

Nawazuddin is now a prominent figure in both Indian and international cinema, yet he has remained deeply connected to his roots. He is committed to improving the lives of farmers in his hometown of Budhana, Uttar Pradesh. Introducing modern agricultural technologies, he has implemented new irrigation methods that have greatly benefited the local farming community. In 2021, he took a break from his busy filming schedule to spend considerable time in Budhana.

During his visit to the Cannes Film Festival in France, Nawazuddin met with farmers and learned about cost-effective and water-efficient irrigation technologies. He brought these techniques back to his village, advocating for the use of jet pipes to simulate rainfall, a natural and highly effective method of irrigation.

Nawazuddin’s enduring connection to his roots reflects his noble character. In a recent interview, he shared, “My own family still hasn’t fully accepted my grandmother because she belonged to a lower caste. Despite my fame, it doesn’t matter to them; they see it as part of their identity and take pride in it.”

Such resilience and commitment to his beginnings have cemented Nawazuddin Siddiqui’s legacy not only as an actor but also as a figure of humility and perseverance, a true inspiration to millions.

Reference:

https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/cv2kr1zz8zvo

https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/nawazuddin-siddiqui-recalls-getting-dragged-by-collar-when-tried-eating-with-lead-actors-of-films-junior-artists-eat-separately-the-supporting-artists-have-their-own-space/

The Rebellious Poet

Habib Jalib: A Voice of Defiance

The Landscape of the 1960s:

The country is under martial law, the constitution has been altered, and dissent is silenced with imprisonment. In such a time, speaking the truth demands a heart of steel.

Amid this atmosphere, a satirical poetry recital is organized in Murree, and Habib Jalib is invited to participate. Jalib steps up to the microphone and announces that he is about to recite an unusual poem titled "Dastoor" (The Constitution).

As the name suggests, Jalib is about to deliver something provocative. The stage secretary senses the impending danger and quickly steps forward, trying to take the microphone from Jalib. "No sir, you cannot recite this poem," he insists.

But Jalib, determined to confront the dictator, roars back with thunderous resolve, "Step aside and let me speak. What I hold in my hand is not a microphone but a sword, and with this sword, I will strike down tyranny." Seeing Jalib’s unyielding stance, the secretary retreats.

Then, in his characteristic style, Jalib begins to recite his poem:

"The lamp that only burns in palaces,
That carries the joys of only a few,
Those who thrive in the shadows of compromise—
Such a constitution, such a dawn of darkness,
I refuse to accept, I do not recognize.

I am not afraid of the noose,
Tell the world, I am another Mansur.
Why do you try to scare me with the prison walls?
This oppression, this night of ignorance—
I refuse to accept, I do not recognize."*

(Mansur al-Hallaj: A Sufi martyr known for his defiance and execution)

"You say flowers are blooming on the branches,
You say the cup is passing among the revelers,
You say the wounds of the heart are healing—
This blatant lie, this plunder of the mind—
I refuse to accept, I do not recognize.

For centuries, you have stolen our peace,
Your enchantments will no longer work on us,
Why do you pretend to be the healer of our pain?
You are not the healer, though some may believe it—
I refuse to accept, I do not recognize."

Jalib’s searing words, delivered with a deeply stirring voice, captivated the audience. What started as a satirical recital quickly transcended into a rebellion that echoed from the streets of the nation to the halls of power. Habib Jalib became a symbol of resistance.

The Life of Habib Jalib

Habib Jalib was born on March 24, 1928, in the village of Miani Afghanan, Hoshiarpur district, in united India. His father, Sufi Inayat, was also a poet, and thus, poetry was in Jalib’s blood. Growing up in a poor family, Jalib experienced firsthand the harsh realities of class disparities, which fueled the sense of rebellion that simmered within him.

During the chaos of partition, Jalib migrated to the newly formed Pakistan, carrying dreams of a land of hope and freedom. But the reality he found was far from the dream. The newborn nation had fallen into the grip of a tyrant, and freedom of expression had been stifled.

Jalib was not one to bow before authority. Rebellion had become an intrinsic part of his nature. As a result, he was arrested on charges of attempted murder, a tactic used to silence dissenters.

When intimidation failed, the dictator tried to buy Jalib’s silence with money. But selling out was against Jalib’s principles.

He contested elections on the National Awami Party ticket but lost. The dictatorship ended, the country was torn apart, and democracy returned—at least in name. But it wasn’t the democracy that Jalib had envisioned. Even under Bhutto and later under General Zia’s regime, Jalib endured imprisonment and hardships for his unyielding stance against tyranny.

Finally, in 1993, the voice of rebellion was silenced forever. But Habib Jalib left behind a legacy of defiance that continues to inspire those who fight against oppression. His poetry and his spirit live on as a reminder that the fight for justice, equality, and true democracy never ends.